{"id":23642,"date":"2026-01-15T13:16:28","date_gmt":"2026-01-15T12:16:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wiersholm.no\/en\/?post_type=newsletter&#038;p=23642"},"modified":"2026-01-30T14:17:36","modified_gmt":"2026-01-30T13:17:36","slug":"international-commercial-arbitration-q4-2025","status":"publish","type":"newsletter","link":"https:\/\/wiersholm.no\/en\/newsletters\/international-commercial-arbitration-q4-2025\/","title":{"rendered":"International commercial arbitration Q4 2025"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 class=\"wp-block-post-title\">International commercial arbitration Q4 2025<\/h1>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/wiersholm.no\/content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/21_09_08-wrshlm-0263-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-26957\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n\n<p class=\"t2-ingress wp-block-t2-ingress\">This update explores trends and developments in international commercial arbitration from a Norwegian perspective\u00a0\u2013 together with our views.\u00a0\u00a0<br>On the backdrop of\u00a0the World Justice Project&#8217;s Rule of Law Index for 2025 where the four Scandinavian Countries rank on top, and a\u00a0recent statement\u00a0from\u00a0DIA&#8217;s\u00a0President,\u00a0we will\u00a0provide some thoughts on whether the\u00a0choice of\u00a0seat for the\u00a0arbitration matter.\u00a0\u00a0<br>We will also\u00a0summarize\u00a0news and highlights from Q4\u00a02025\u00a0and\u00a0give a sneak-peek on\u00a0what the arbitration year 2026\u00a0can\u00a0bring.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n<p><strong>Does the&nbsp;choice of&nbsp;seat matter?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"t2-accordion wp-block-t2-accordion\" data-allow-multiple=\"1\" role=\"list\">\n<div class=\"t2-accordion-item wp-block-t2-accordion-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"t2-accordion-title\">\n\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"t2-accordion-trigger\" id=\"background\" aria-controls=\"accordion-panel\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\tBackground\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"t2-accordion-icon is-closed-icon\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" height=\"24\" width=\"24\" class=\"t2-icon t2-icon-add\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><g stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"1\" style=\"transform: scale(1);vector-effect: non-scaling-stroke;\"><path d=\"M12 4V20\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><path d=\"M4 12H20\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"t2-accordion-icon is-open-icon\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" height=\"24\" width=\"24\" class=\"t2-icon t2-icon-remove\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><g stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"1\" style=\"transform: scale(1);vector-effect: non-scaling-stroke;\"><path d=\"M4 12H20\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"t2-accordion-item__inner-container is-layout-flow\" id=\"accordion-panel\" aria-labelledby=\"background\" role=\"region\" hidden>\n\t\t\t\t\n\n<p>Under the heading &#8220;<em>Why Choose a Danish Seat of Arbitration<\/em>&#8220;,&nbsp;H\u00e5kon&nbsp;Djurhus, President of the Danish Arbitration Institute&nbsp;(DIA),&nbsp;stated&nbsp;the following&nbsp;in&nbsp;DIA&#8217;s&nbsp;newsletter 18 November 2025:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>&#8220;Choosing the seat of arbitration is a strategic decision influenced by many elements. In my experience, Denmark\u2019s continued top ranking in World Justice Project\u2019s (WJP) Rule of Law Index \u2013 holding the number one position since 2015 \u2013 is not only underestimated, but in fact is among the strongest reasons why parties should select Denmark as a place of arbitration, especially when no one can predict what will happen in the world, either in the short or the long term.&#8221;<\/em>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the Rule of Law Index&nbsp;from 2025&nbsp;mentioned&nbsp;in the quote above,&nbsp;the four&nbsp;Nordic countries, Denmark, Norway,&nbsp;Finland&nbsp;and Sweden&nbsp;rank on top&nbsp;(in that order). Popular arbitration&nbsp;seats&nbsp;as UK&nbsp;and&nbsp;Singapore rank&nbsp;14<sup>th<\/sup>&nbsp;and 16<sup>th<\/sup>&nbsp;respectively.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Considering that an agreement to arbitrate is&nbsp;a&nbsp;waiver&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;parties&nbsp;right to have their dispute settled by the ordinary courts, we ask:&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Does the choice of seat of the arbitration matter&nbsp;if a dispute arises?<\/em>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In short,&nbsp;we&nbsp;support the statement from&nbsp;DIA&#8217;s&nbsp;President.&nbsp;The choice of seat&nbsp;may matter&nbsp;for the parties.&nbsp;Below&nbsp;we will&nbsp;provide our thoughts and view on this (from a Norwegian perspective).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"t2-accordion-item wp-block-t2-accordion-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"t2-accordion-title\">\n\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"t2-accordion-trigger\" id=\"overview-lex-arbitri\" aria-controls=\"accordion-panel-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\tOverview &#8211; lex arbitri\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"t2-accordion-icon is-closed-icon\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" height=\"24\" width=\"24\" class=\"t2-icon t2-icon-add\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><g stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"1\" style=\"transform: scale(1);vector-effect: non-scaling-stroke;\"><path d=\"M12 4V20\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><path d=\"M4 12H20\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"t2-accordion-icon is-open-icon\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" height=\"24\" width=\"24\" class=\"t2-icon t2-icon-remove\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><g stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"1\" style=\"transform: scale(1);vector-effect: non-scaling-stroke;\"><path d=\"M4 12H20\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"t2-accordion-item__inner-container is-layout-flow\" id=\"accordion-panel-1\" aria-labelledby=\"overview-lex-arbitri\" role=\"region\" hidden>\n\t\t\t\t\n\n<p>As our readers&nbsp;will know,&nbsp;an&nbsp;agreement to arbitrate&nbsp;is a&nbsp;waiver&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;parties&#8217; right to have their dispute decided by&nbsp;the&nbsp;ordinary&nbsp;courts.&nbsp;The&nbsp;ordinary&nbsp;court is therefore&nbsp;at the outset&nbsp;obliged to dismiss any legal proceedings relating to matters that are subject to arbitration.<sup>1<\/sup>&nbsp;However, the agreed&nbsp;place&nbsp;of arbitration&nbsp;determines&nbsp;which country\u2019s legal system and arbitration law apply&nbsp;\u2013&nbsp;<em>lex&nbsp;arbitri<\/em>.&nbsp;If Norway is the chosen seat, the arbitration is governed by the Norwegian Arbitration Act of 14 May 2004 (the \u201cNorwegian&nbsp;Arbitration Act\u201d).&nbsp;Like&nbsp;the Danish arbitration act, the Norwegian Arbitration Act is&nbsp;based on the&nbsp;UNCITRAL&nbsp;Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration (1985).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Considering&nbsp;the above,&nbsp;and that&nbsp;arbitration primarily is&nbsp;chosen by&nbsp;professional legal entities engaged in commercial activities between themselves, one&nbsp;may argue that&nbsp;ordinary courts and arbitration are two separate dispute resolution institutions without any points of contact.&nbsp;Consequently, the choice of&nbsp;arbitration seat is not that important.&nbsp;However,&nbsp;such a view&nbsp;is&nbsp;in our view&nbsp;not&nbsp;correct.&nbsp;Through the&nbsp;choice of&nbsp;Norway as&nbsp;the place of arbitration,&nbsp;the parties have accepted the overall framework of the&nbsp;Norwegian&nbsp;Arbitration&nbsp;Act&nbsp;and its mandatory legal certainty guarantees. Furthermore, the&nbsp;Norwegian courts&nbsp;<em>may<\/em>&nbsp;play&nbsp;a&nbsp;role in the following three dimensions:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Before&nbsp;<\/em>the arbitration<em>:&nbsp;<\/em>Potential aassistance&nbsp;establishing&nbsp;an impartial,&nbsp;independent&nbsp;and competent arbitral tribunal&nbsp;and&nbsp;handling of lawsuits subject to&nbsp;arbitration&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>During&nbsp;<\/em>the&nbsp;arbitration:&nbsp;Potential assistance&nbsp;regarding&nbsp;access to evidence not produced voluntarily and&nbsp;decision on&nbsp;interim relief and arrest&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>After<\/em>&nbsp;the arbitration:&nbsp;Deciding&nbsp;potential&nbsp;claims for setting aside an arbitral award as invalid&nbsp;(and&nbsp;potential recognition and enforcement)&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>In other words:&nbsp;The ordinary courts and arbitration coexist&nbsp;to&nbsp;achieve the Norwegian state&#8217;s desire for an effective,&nbsp;fair&nbsp;and attractive &#8220;arbitration&nbsp;space&#8221;. At the intersection of their respective&nbsp;jurisdictions,&nbsp;difficult boundaries may&nbsp;arise.&nbsp;Exploring these boundaries&nbsp;would&nbsp;go far beyond the framework of this newsletter. However, in the following we will provide an overview&nbsp;to illustrate the main point:&nbsp;It is important choosing a&nbsp;seat&nbsp;which&nbsp;respect the&nbsp;rule of law.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"t2-accordion-item wp-block-t2-accordion-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"t2-accordion-title\">\n\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"t2-accordion-trigger\" id=\"dimension-1:-the-potential-role-of-the-courts-in-establishing-an-impartial,-independent-and-competent-arbitration-tribunal-\u2013-including-the-handling-of-lawsuits-subject-to-arbitration\" aria-controls=\"accordion-panel-2\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\tDimension 1: The potential role of the courts in establishing an impartial, independent and competent arbitration tribunal \u2013 including the handling of lawsuits subject to arbitration\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"t2-accordion-icon is-closed-icon\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" height=\"24\" width=\"24\" class=\"t2-icon t2-icon-add\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><g stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"1\" style=\"transform: scale(1);vector-effect: non-scaling-stroke;\"><path d=\"M12 4V20\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><path d=\"M4 12H20\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"t2-accordion-icon is-open-icon\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" height=\"24\" width=\"24\" class=\"t2-icon t2-icon-remove\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><g stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"1\" style=\"transform: scale(1);vector-effect: non-scaling-stroke;\"><path d=\"M4 12H20\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"t2-accordion-item__inner-container is-layout-flow\" id=\"accordion-panel-2\" aria-labelledby=\"dimension-1:-the-potential-role-of-the-courts-in-establishing-an-impartial,-independent-and-competent-arbitration-tribunal-\u2013-including-the-handling-of-lawsuits-subject-to-arbitration\" role=\"region\" hidden>\n\t\t\t\t\n\n<p>First,&nbsp;the&nbsp;ordinary&nbsp;courts&#8217; handling of actions&nbsp;(allegedly)&nbsp;subject to arbitration&nbsp;is&nbsp;important.&nbsp;The court is,&nbsp;pursuant to&nbsp;the Norwegian Arbitration Act \u00a7 7,&nbsp;obliged to dismiss any legal proceedings relating to matters that are subject to arbitration.&nbsp;The&nbsp;Norwegian&nbsp;Supreme Court has, among other&nbsp;questions, recently&nbsp;clarified how early a party must invoke an arbitration agreement&nbsp;in order for&nbsp;the courts to be obliged to dismiss the action, see&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/lovdata.no\/pro\/#document\/HRSIV\/avgjorelse\/hr-2023-2055-a?searchResultContext=1119&amp;rowNumber=1&amp;totalHits=3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">HR-2023-2055-A<\/a>.&nbsp;Moreover, the judgments in the Skaugen-case&nbsp;provides&nbsp;clarification of&nbsp;what&#8217;s&nbsp;covered&nbsp;by an arbitration clause&nbsp;, see&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/lovdata.no\/pro\/#document\/HRSIV\/avgjorelse\/hr-2017-1932-a?searchResultContext=1574&amp;rowNumber=1&amp;totalHits=23\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">HR-2017-1932-A<\/a>.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Furthermore, the transfer of an arbitration agreement upon transfer of the legal relationship it covers (the Norwegian&nbsp;Arbitration Act \u00a7 10). Issues concerning the binding nature of third parties, for example in the case of recourse, are also dealt with&nbsp;in light of&nbsp;the Supreme Court ruling in&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/lovdata.no\/pro\/#document\/HRSIV\/avgjorelse\/hr-2023-573-a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">HR-2023-573-A<\/a>.&nbsp;This&nbsp;subjective scope of an arbitration agreement&nbsp;is further analysed in&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.idunn.no\/doi\/10.18261\/tff.30.2.5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Voldgiftsavtalens&nbsp;subjektive&nbsp;grenser&nbsp;|&nbsp;Tidsskrift&nbsp;for&nbsp;forretningsjus<\/a>&nbsp;(commented on our&nbsp;Q4&nbsp;2024&nbsp;Newletter).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Second, the&nbsp;ordinary courts may play a&nbsp;potential role in&nbsp;establishing&nbsp;an impartial,&nbsp;independent&nbsp;and competent arbitral tribunal&nbsp;&#8211; especially in ad-hoc arbitrations.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This is a large&nbsp;and complex issue, particularly in situations where the courts are asked to decide whether an appointed arbitrator must step down due to a lack of impartiality and\/or independence, cf. the Norwegian Arbitration Act Section&nbsp;15&nbsp;&#8211; 17. This topic touches on international best practice (including the&nbsp;IBA&#8217;s&nbsp;guidelines<sup>2<\/sup>&nbsp;on this subject)&nbsp;with regard to&nbsp;the impartiality of arbitrators, which is a fundamental prerequisite for the legitimacy of the arbitration institution in a state governed by the rule&nbsp;of law. The threshold for the courts to intervene and remove an arbitrator on this basis is high, but it is an important guarantee of legal certainty to ensure an effective,&nbsp;fair&nbsp;and attractive &#8220;arbitration space&#8221;.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"t2-accordion-item wp-block-t2-accordion-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"t2-accordion-title\">\n\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"t2-accordion-trigger\" id=\"dimension-2:-the-role-of-the-courts-in-the-conduct-of-case-preparation-\u2013-including-access-to-provisional-relief-and-arrest\" aria-controls=\"accordion-panel-3\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\tDimension 2: The role of the courts in the conduct of case preparation \u2013 including access to provisional relief and arrest\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"t2-accordion-icon is-closed-icon\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" height=\"24\" width=\"24\" class=\"t2-icon t2-icon-add\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><g stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"1\" style=\"transform: scale(1);vector-effect: non-scaling-stroke;\"><path d=\"M12 4V20\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><path d=\"M4 12H20\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"t2-accordion-icon is-open-icon\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" height=\"24\" width=\"24\" class=\"t2-icon t2-icon-remove\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><g stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"1\" style=\"transform: scale(1);vector-effect: non-scaling-stroke;\"><path d=\"M4 12H20\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"t2-accordion-item__inner-container is-layout-flow\" id=\"accordion-panel-3\" aria-labelledby=\"dimension-2:-the-role-of-the-courts-in-the-conduct-of-case-preparation-\u2013-including-access-to-provisional-relief-and-arrest\" role=\"region\" hidden>\n\t\t\t\t\n\n<p>In dimension 2, the ordinary courts may play a&nbsp;role in&nbsp;connection with the conduct of preparatory proceedings in arbitration.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The first&nbsp;potential role and competence for the ordinary court in dimension 2, is&nbsp;to secure evidence &#8220;on behalf of the arbitral tribunal&#8221; (the Norwegian&nbsp;Arbitration Act&nbsp;Section&nbsp;30).&nbsp;At the outset,&nbsp;this&nbsp;rule of law&nbsp;provides broad access to&nbsp;assistance&nbsp;from the courts&nbsp;to&nbsp;gain access to&nbsp;presumably&nbsp;relevant&nbsp;evidence (both documentary and witness evidence) that a party does not offer voluntarily.&nbsp;Over the years this&nbsp;rule has&nbsp;has&nbsp;been increasingly used in practice. The latest examples are found in&nbsp;two&nbsp;decisions from&nbsp;Gulating&nbsp;Court of Appeal of 17 September 2025.<sup>3<\/sup>&nbsp;You can hear more about this development in the discussion between Ola&nbsp;Nisja&nbsp;and Stephan L. Jervell in&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wiersholm.no\/publikasjoner\/woldgiftspodden-reisebrev-fra-finland-naas-jakt-pa-norske-voldgiftsdommer-og-bevistilgang-i-voldgift\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Woldgiftspodden Episode 2<\/a>&nbsp;.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The second&nbsp;main role&nbsp;in dimension 2, is the&nbsp;court&#8217;s authority to make decisions on provisional security and arrest in relation to legal matters that are subject to arbitration. This is very practical and important supplement to arbitration \u2013 even though the arbitral tribunal also has such competence (the Norwegian&nbsp;Arbitration Act&nbsp;Section&nbsp;19).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In&nbsp;a decision&nbsp;by&nbsp;Gulating&nbsp;Court of Appeal on 31 October 2023 (<a href=\"https:\/\/lovdata.no\/pro\/#document\/LGSIV\/avgjorelse\/lg-2023-116577\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">LG-2023-116577<\/a>),&nbsp;it was concluded that the&nbsp;courts should be reluctant to take a preliminary position on issues that will later be decided by an arbitral tribunal \u2013 in order to avoid &#8220;<em>interfering with the form of proceedings chosen by the parties<\/em>&#8220;.<sup>4<\/sup>&nbsp;Even if&nbsp;the level of reluctance has not been clarified by the Norwegian Supreme Court,&nbsp;the decision&nbsp;shows&nbsp;the &#8220;respect&#8221; the ordinary courts has in relation to the parties&#8217; choice of&nbsp;jurisdiction for the main claim.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"t2-accordion-item wp-block-t2-accordion-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"t2-accordion-title\">\n\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"t2-accordion-trigger\" id=\"dimension-3:-the-role-of-the-courts-after-an-arbitral-award-has-been-rendered-\u2013-including-the-consideration-of-claims-for-setting-aside-an-arbitral-award-as-invalid\" aria-controls=\"accordion-panel-4\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\tDimension 3: The role of the courts after an arbitral award has been rendered \u2013 including the consideration of claims for setting aside an arbitral award as invalid\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"t2-accordion-icon is-closed-icon\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" height=\"24\" width=\"24\" class=\"t2-icon t2-icon-add\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><g stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"1\" style=\"transform: scale(1);vector-effect: non-scaling-stroke;\"><path d=\"M12 4V20\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><path d=\"M4 12H20\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"t2-accordion-icon is-open-icon\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" height=\"24\" width=\"24\" class=\"t2-icon t2-icon-remove\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><g stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"1\" style=\"transform: scale(1);vector-effect: non-scaling-stroke;\"><path d=\"M4 12H20\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"t2-accordion-item__inner-container is-layout-flow\" id=\"accordion-panel-4\" aria-labelledby=\"dimension-3:-the-role-of-the-courts-after-an-arbitral-award-has-been-rendered-\u2013-including-the-consideration-of-claims-for-setting-aside-an-arbitral-award-as-invalid\" role=\"region\" hidden>\n\t\t\t\t\n\n<p>The&nbsp;perhaps most&nbsp;potent role of the ordinary courts is found in dimension&nbsp;3.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>First, the&nbsp;courts&nbsp;have&nbsp;jurisdiction&nbsp;to set aside a final arbitral award as wholly or partially invalid. The&nbsp;Norwegian&nbsp;Arbitration Act does not allow for any substantive review of the arbitral tribunal&#8217;s conclusions \u2013 unlike English law, which allows appeals on certain grounds due to incorrect application of the law. Under Norwegian law, the courts may only set aside an arbitral award as invalid if one of the grounds for invalidity listed in Section 43 of the Arbitration Act is fulfilled. A setting aside can have major consequences for the legal relationship between the parties, and it is therefore, important that the judges who decide on claims of alleged invalidity have sufficient knowledge and expertise in arbitration, including international best practice.<sup>5<\/sup>&nbsp;Historically, very few invalidity actions have been&nbsp;brought in Norway, but in recent years this number has increased.<sup>6<\/sup>&nbsp;Case law shows that the threshold for succeeding in an invalidity action is high,&nbsp;and that&nbsp;they&nbsp;are dealt with relatively quickly.<sup>7<\/sup>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Second,&nbsp;the&nbsp;ordinary courts play a&nbsp;role in relation to the recognition and enforcement of a final arbitration award.&nbsp;As this role is not&nbsp;directly linked&nbsp;to the choice of seat,&nbsp;we will not go&nbsp;more into this here.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-news-from-naa-and-noma\"><strong>News from NAA and NOMA<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"t2-accordion wp-block-t2-accordion\" data-allow-multiple=\"1\" role=\"list\">\n<div class=\"t2-accordion-item wp-block-t2-accordion-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"t2-accordion-title\">\n\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"t2-accordion-trigger\" id=\"naa-news\" aria-controls=\"accordion-panel-5\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\tNAA News\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"t2-accordion-icon is-closed-icon\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" height=\"24\" width=\"24\" class=\"t2-icon t2-icon-add\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><g stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"1\" style=\"transform: scale(1);vector-effect: non-scaling-stroke;\"><path d=\"M12 4V20\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><path d=\"M4 12H20\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"t2-accordion-icon is-open-icon\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" height=\"24\" width=\"24\" class=\"t2-icon t2-icon-remove\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><g stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"1\" style=\"transform: scale(1);vector-effect: non-scaling-stroke;\"><path d=\"M4 12H20\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"t2-accordion-item__inner-container is-layout-flow\" id=\"accordion-panel-5\" aria-labelledby=\"naa-news\" role=\"region\" hidden>\n\t\t\t\t\n\n<p>In our&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wiersholm.no\/en\/newsletters\/international-commercial-arbitration-q3-2025\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Q3&nbsp;2025&nbsp;newsletter<\/a>, we reported from the&nbsp;Grand&nbsp;Opening of the Norwegian Arbitration Association&#8217;s (NAA)&nbsp;and concluded that&nbsp;the establishment of the NAA is&nbsp;an important step&nbsp;in the right direction in the development of Norwegian (and Nordic) commercial arbitration. Going&nbsp;forward&nbsp;we will&nbsp;monitor&nbsp;and report&nbsp;relevant news in connection with&nbsp;NAA&#8217;s&nbsp;work.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>First,&nbsp;Supreme Court Justice Ingvald Falch&#8217;s opening speech at the&nbsp;Grand Opening&nbsp;on 25 September 2025 has now been published&nbsp;in&nbsp;Tidsskrift&nbsp;for&nbsp;forretningsjus&nbsp;5 November 2025.&nbsp;The article is available (free access)&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.scup.com\/doi\/full\/10.18261\/tff.31.2.1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here.<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Second, NAA&nbsp;has got&nbsp;a web-page \u2013&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/norwegianarbitration.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">found&nbsp;here<\/a>&nbsp;\u2013 with information on the board and&nbsp;members of the advisory board.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Third, we highlight that&nbsp;NAA&#8217;s&nbsp;chair, professor&nbsp;Birgitte Hagland, has been interviewed about the establishment of the&nbsp;association in&nbsp;DIA&#8217;s&nbsp;newsletter&nbsp;18 November 2025. The interview can be found&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/voldgiftsinstituttet.dk\/ny-norsk-voldgiftsforening\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here.<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Fourth, NAA&#8217;s work to collect&nbsp;and publish Norwegian arbitration awards has been&nbsp;kicked-off. You can hear&nbsp;more about this&nbsp;work&nbsp;in the conversation we had with Knut H\u00f8ivik and Supreme Court Judge Borgar&nbsp;H\u00f8getveit&nbsp;Berg in&nbsp;Woldgiftspodden&nbsp;episode 2&nbsp;\u2013 which can be found&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wiersholm.no\/publikasjoner\/woldgiftspodden-reisebrev-fra-finland-naas-jakt-pa-norske-voldgiftsdommer-og-bevistilgang-i-voldgift\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a>.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Fifth,&nbsp;NAA now plays&nbsp;an important role&nbsp;in organizing&nbsp;the Norwegian Arbitration Day&nbsp;(together with Scandinavian Institute of Maritime Law and Oslo Centre for Commercial Law). The program for this&nbsp;year&#8217;s event&nbsp;(5 February&nbsp;2026)&nbsp;has now been released.&nbsp;This year the&nbsp;main focus&nbsp;is&nbsp;challenge of arbitral awards &#8211; from the court\u2019s perspective&nbsp;and arbitration, sanctions and&nbsp;ordre&nbsp;public. More details on the program can be found&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jus.uio.no\/nifs\/english\/research\/events\/2026\/2026-02-05-norwegian-arbitration-day.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a>&nbsp;(And on this&nbsp;note,&nbsp;\u2013&nbsp;see&nbsp;below under &#8220;What&#8217;s on the Agenda&#8221;&nbsp;regarding&nbsp;Wiersholm&#8217;s&nbsp;pre-event to 5 February 2026.)&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"t2-accordion-item wp-block-t2-accordion-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"t2-accordion-title\">\n\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"t2-accordion-trigger\" id=\"noma-news\" aria-controls=\"accordion-panel-6\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\tNOMA News\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"t2-accordion-icon is-closed-icon\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" height=\"24\" width=\"24\" class=\"t2-icon t2-icon-add\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><g stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"1\" style=\"transform: scale(1);vector-effect: non-scaling-stroke;\"><path d=\"M12 4V20\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><path d=\"M4 12H20\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"t2-accordion-icon is-open-icon\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" height=\"24\" width=\"24\" class=\"t2-icon t2-icon-remove\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><g stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"1\" style=\"transform: scale(1);vector-effect: non-scaling-stroke;\"><path d=\"M4 12H20\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"t2-accordion-item__inner-container is-layout-flow\" id=\"accordion-panel-6\" aria-labelledby=\"noma-news\" role=\"region\" hidden>\n\t\t\t\t\n\n<p>In our&nbsp;Q3&nbsp;2025&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wiersholm.no\/en\/newsletters\/international-commercial-arbitration-q3-2025\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">newsletter<\/a>, we&nbsp;also commented on a Danish NOMA-award of 5 August 2025. This award has now been published in anonymized version, which can be found&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/posts\/nordic-offshore-maritime-arbitration-association-noma_2025-07-03-danish-noma-final-award-anonymised-activity-7387168995050860544-UBZ_?utm_source=share&amp;utm_medium=member_desktop&amp;rcm=ACoAADoY8xwBRUWXhnl3mbPI9f_9VpLH2O4HRvQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a>.&nbsp;It noteworthy that the&nbsp;sole arbitrator&nbsp;in this case, Lotte Wetterling, commented as follows on&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/posts\/lottewetterling_2025-07-03-danish-noma-final-award-anonymised-activity-7388149822081372160-QLlj?utm_source=share&amp;utm_medium=member_desktop&amp;rcm=ACoAADoY8xwBRUWXhnl3mbPI9f_9VpLH2O4HRvQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">LinkedIn<\/a>:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>NOMA\u2019s arbitration rules are a pleasure to work with and reflect the essence of Nordic efficiency and flexibility in dispute resolution.&nbsp;<\/em>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The third NOMA-Day was held in Helsinki 30 October 2025&nbsp;\u2013&nbsp;under the heading &#8220;NOMA fit for&nbsp;maritime cluster&#8221;.&nbsp;According to an update on&nbsp;LinkedIn,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/adrian-moylan-62835ba\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Adrian Moylan<\/a>&#8216;s\u202f(<a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/gard-as\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Gard AS<\/a>) talk on&nbsp;<em>&#8220;Arbitration clauses from an insurer&#8217;s perspective&#8221;<\/em>&nbsp;gave an interesting perspective on the development of LMAA arbitration: Initially LMAA-arbitration worked&nbsp;very well&nbsp;\u2013&nbsp;achieving swift&nbsp;commercial decision from commercial people with market knowledge and commercial common sense.&nbsp;However, in Mr. Moylan&#8217;s view, this changed after&nbsp;the UK Arbitration Act in 1996\u2013 which&nbsp;paved the way for formal court style processes, with lawyers taking over the presentation of arguments and making the decisions (awards). Over time LMAA arbitration has, in his view, become slow, unwieldy, ageing and&nbsp;very expensive&nbsp;and thus the NOMA initiative was very welcome&nbsp;\u2013 being shorter and cheaper, see more&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/posts\/nordic-offshore-maritime-arbitration-association-noma_nomaarbitration-nordicarbitration-activity-7391473342379188224-PhH2?utm_source=share&amp;utm_medium=member_desktop&amp;rcm=ACoAADoY8xwBRUWXhnl3mbPI9f_9VpLH2O4HRvQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>After the NOMA Day, we&nbsp;had the opportunity to&nbsp;talk with Mathias Stein\u00f8&nbsp;on&nbsp;why most companies want the&nbsp;dispute&nbsp;solved&nbsp;as close to &#8220;home&#8221; as possible.&nbsp;You can read a summary of Mathias&#8217; views&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/posts\/mathias-stein%C3%B8-1b8ab61_if-you-end-up-in-a-dispute-would-you-prefer-activity-7392131278906519552-Y5K9?utm_source=share&amp;utm_medium=member_desktop&amp;rcm=ACoAADoY8xwBRUWXhnl3mbPI9f_9VpLH2O4HRvQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a>&nbsp;and listen to the conversation&nbsp;on&nbsp;Woldgiftspodden&nbsp;episode 2&nbsp;(see below).&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We also note that NOMA&#8217;s Standing Revision Committee&nbsp;has got&nbsp;new members, see&nbsp;here.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>What&#8217;s&nbsp;On the Agenda&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"t2-accordion wp-block-t2-accordion\" data-allow-multiple=\"1\" role=\"list\">\n<div class=\"t2-accordion-item wp-block-t2-accordion-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"t2-accordion-title\">\n\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"t2-accordion-trigger\" id=\"joint-appointment-\u2013-a-norwegian-export-article?\" aria-controls=\"accordion-panel-7\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\tJoint appointment \u2013 a Norwegian export article?\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"t2-accordion-icon is-closed-icon\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" height=\"24\" width=\"24\" class=\"t2-icon t2-icon-add\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><g stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"1\" style=\"transform: scale(1);vector-effect: non-scaling-stroke;\"><path d=\"M12 4V20\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><path d=\"M4 12H20\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"t2-accordion-icon is-open-icon\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" height=\"24\" width=\"24\" class=\"t2-icon t2-icon-remove\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><g stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"1\" style=\"transform: scale(1);vector-effect: non-scaling-stroke;\"><path d=\"M4 12H20\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"t2-accordion-item__inner-container is-layout-flow\" id=\"accordion-panel-7\" aria-labelledby=\"joint-appointment-\u2013-a-norwegian-export-article?\" role=\"region\" hidden>\n\t\t\t\t\n\n<p>We have previously&nbsp;highlighted&nbsp;the&nbsp;Norwegian rule&nbsp;on joint appointment&nbsp;to secure&nbsp;an&nbsp;independent and impartial&nbsp;arbitral&nbsp;tribunal&nbsp;and&nbsp;in our&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/eur05.safelinks.protection.outlook.com\/GetUrlReputation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Q4&nbsp;2024&nbsp;Newsletter<\/a>&nbsp;we&nbsp;argued:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>&#8220;[\u2026], the joint-appointment rule should in our view become the starting point in the rules of all the other Nordic arbitration institutions. We see no downside of having this as the default rule as parties may at any time choose to opt for the current standard appointment rule.&#8221;<\/em>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Following this,&nbsp;NOMA&nbsp;has&nbsp;expressed&nbsp;a similar view&nbsp;in&nbsp;the article &#8220;NOMA \u2013 Providing Solution Based Arbitration Across the Nordics&#8221;, published in&nbsp;the&nbsp;e-book&nbsp;\ud835\udde1\ud835\uddfc\ud835\uddff\ud835\uddf1\ud835\uddf6\ud835\uddf0&nbsp;\ud835\uddd6\ud835\uddfc\ud835\uddfa\ud835\uddfa\ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddff\ud835\uddf0\ud835\uddf6\ud835\uddee\ud835\uddf9&nbsp;\ud835\uddd4\ud835\uddff\ud835\uddef\ud835\uddf6\ud835\ude01\ud835\uddff\ud835\uddee\ud835\ude01\ud835\uddf6\ud835\uddfc\ud835\uddfb&nbsp;\ud835\uddd9\ud835\uddfc\ud835\uddff\ud835\ude02\ud835\uddfa&nbsp;\ud835\udfee\ud835\udfec\ud835\udfee\ud835\udff1&nbsp;\u2013&nbsp;\ud835\uddd4&nbsp;\ud835\udde6\ud835\ude01\ud835\uddff\ud835\uddee\ud835\ude01\ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddf4\ud835\uddf6\ud835\uddf0&nbsp;\ud835\uddd6\ud835\uddf5\ud835\uddfc\ud835\uddf6\ud835\uddf0\ud835\uddf2&nbsp;\ud835\uddf3\ud835\uddfc\ud835\uddff&nbsp;\ud835\uddd5\ud835\ude02\ud835\ude00\ud835\uddf6\ud835\uddfb\ud835\uddf2\ud835\ude00\ud835\ude00\ud835\uddf2\ud835\ude00,&nbsp;see&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/posts\/nordic-offshore-maritime-arbitration-association-noma_2025-10-article-noma-solution-based-arbitration-activity-7396804308400328704-E2V-?utm_source=share&amp;utm_medium=member_desktop&amp;rcm=ACoAADoY8xwBRUWXhnl3mbPI9f_9VpLH2O4HRvQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Taking into account&nbsp;that NOMA already has incorporated the rule on joint appointment&nbsp;as the starting point&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicarbitration.org\/_files\/ugd\/b8353b_d7822b6288a447f7bb94ee23c0b3342f.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">NOMA Arbitration Rules of 2024<\/a>&nbsp;Article&nbsp;6 (1) and 7 (1)), this position is expected. However,&nbsp;the support for&nbsp;rule&nbsp;increases in&nbsp;strength:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In&nbsp;Knut H\u00f8ivik&#8217;s article&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/posts\/knut-h%C3%B8ivik-82136627_the-case-for-joint-appointment-of-the-tribunal-activity-7391400234028945408-m0cN?utm_source=share&amp;utm_medium=member_desktop&amp;rcm=ACoAADoY8xwBRUWXhnl3mbPI9f_9VpLH2O4HRvQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">&#8220;\ud835\udde7\ud835\uddf5\ud835\uddf2&nbsp;\ud835\uddd6\ud835\uddee\ud835\ude00\ud835\uddf2&nbsp;\ud835\uddf3\ud835\uddfc\ud835\uddff&nbsp;\ud835\udddd\ud835\uddfc\ud835\uddf6\ud835\uddfb\ud835\ude01&nbsp;\ud835\uddd4\ud835\uddfd\ud835\uddfd\ud835\uddfc\ud835\uddf6\ud835\uddfb\ud835\ude01\ud835\uddfa\ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddfb\ud835\ude01&nbsp;\ud835\uddfc\ud835\uddf3&nbsp;\ud835\ude01\ud835\uddf5\ud835\uddf2&nbsp;\ud835\udde7\ud835\uddff\ud835\uddf6\ud835\uddef\ud835\ude02\ud835\uddfb\ud835\uddee\ud835\uddf9&nbsp;\u2013&nbsp;\ud835\uddd4&nbsp;\ud835\udde1\ud835\uddfc\ud835\uddff\ud835\ude04\ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddf4\ud835\uddf6\ud835\uddee\ud835\uddfb&nbsp;\ud835\uddd5\ud835\ude02\ud835\ude00\ud835\uddf6\ud835\uddfb\ud835\uddf2\ud835\ude00\ud835\ude00&nbsp;\ud835\udde3\ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddff\ud835\ude00\ud835\uddfd\ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddf0\ud835\ude01\ud835\uddf6\ud835\ude03\ud835\uddf2\u201d<\/a>&nbsp;he&nbsp;makes the case for joint appointment from a Norwegian business perspective, (ii) supports that the rule is \u201cexported\u201d and developed into a competitive advantage for Nordic arbitration in the international arena and (iii) elaborate on the following main supporting arguments:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It ensures that the composition of the tribunal&nbsp;remains&nbsp;under the shared control of the parties&nbsp;<br>&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The parties control the crucial authority to appoint the presiding arbitrator&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>As no direct \u201clink\u201d exists between any individual arbitrator and a specific party \u2013 joint appointment reduces the risk of bias often associated with party-appointed arbitrators&nbsp;<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Lastly,&nbsp;and&nbsp;but&nbsp;very noteworthy,&nbsp;Wikborg &amp; Rein Partner Marie Nesvik and Specialist&nbsp;Counsel Anne-Karin Nesdam have&nbsp;written a chapter in the Stockholm Arbitration Law Review, titled&nbsp;<em>&#8220;Unilateral Party-Appointment and Affiliation Bias: Is Joint Appointment the Solution?&#8221;<\/em>, see&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/posts\/wikborg-rein_our-partner-marie-nesvik-and-specialist-counsel-activity-7415142293680209920-Fafl?utm_source=share&amp;utm_medium=member_desktop&amp;rcm=ACoAADoY8xwBRUWXhnl3mbPI9f_9VpLH2O4HRvQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a>.&nbsp;Affiliation bias is the&nbsp;arbitrator&nbsp;bias&nbsp;caused&nbsp;by implicit preferences for the&nbsp;appointing&nbsp;party.&nbsp;The&nbsp;article&nbsp;discusses&nbsp;this bias in arbitration,&nbsp;inter alia by pointing to advantages and disadvantages with alternative methods for appointing arbitrators.&nbsp;In their concluding remarks, the authors&nbsp;states&nbsp;e.g.&nbsp;the following:&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>&#8220;These characteristics&nbsp;[the legal community&nbsp;being&nbsp;fairly small and easy to oversee \u2013 as well as&nbsp;generally characterized by trust and pragmatism]&nbsp;are something the Nordic countries share, and we would therefore expect the shared characteristics of the Nordic arbitration environments to be conducive to making joint-party appointment&nbsp;a&nbsp;viable&nbsp;and&nbsp;valuable&nbsp;method.&#8221;<\/em>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Based on&nbsp;this, it will be exciting to see if there will&nbsp;be&nbsp;any&nbsp;alignment&nbsp;among the Nordic arbitration institutions&nbsp;regarding&nbsp;the joint-appointment rule.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"t2-accordion-item wp-block-t2-accordion-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"t2-accordion-title\">\n\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"t2-accordion-trigger\" id=\"arbitration-and-eu-law-\u2013-a-good-fit?\" aria-controls=\"accordion-panel-8\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\tArbitration and EU law \u2013 a good fit?\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"t2-accordion-icon is-closed-icon\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" height=\"24\" width=\"24\" class=\"t2-icon t2-icon-add\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><g stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"1\" style=\"transform: scale(1);vector-effect: non-scaling-stroke;\"><path d=\"M12 4V20\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><path d=\"M4 12H20\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"t2-accordion-icon is-open-icon\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" height=\"24\" width=\"24\" class=\"t2-icon t2-icon-remove\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><g stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"1\" style=\"transform: scale(1);vector-effect: non-scaling-stroke;\"><path d=\"M4 12H20\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"t2-accordion-item__inner-container is-layout-flow\" id=\"accordion-panel-8\" aria-labelledby=\"arbitration-and-eu-law-\u2013-a-good-fit?\" role=\"region\" hidden>\n\t\t\t\t\n\n<p>For readers familiar with both arbitration and EU\/EEA law, it will be well known that arbitration is only marginally covered by EU legislation. A working group from Sorbonne University in Paris has, however, addressed the question of whether this distinction should be&nbsp;maintained&nbsp;in the future.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In its report,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/irjs.pantheonsorbonne.fr\/sites\/default\/files\/inline-files\/DOC%20SORBONNE_FINAL_2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Towards an EU Law on International Arbitration<\/a>, published in April 2025, the group explores the possibility of bringing arbitration within the scope of the Brussels I Recast Regulation (Regulation on&nbsp;jurisdiction&nbsp;and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters).&nbsp;Among other things, the report proposes the introduction of a new Article 25, granting exclusive jurisdiction to the courts of the seat of arbitration to render decisions on the constitution of the tribunal (unless otherwise agreed between the parties), as well as on the annulment, recognition or enforcement of the arbitration agreement or the award. Often referred to as a \u2018European passport\u2019,&nbsp;such a decision would then have to be recognized by the other member states.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The recommendations have recently been discussed in the article European Harmony in the latest issue of&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdr-news.com\/magazine\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Commercial Dispute Resolution \u2013 Arbitration around the world<\/a>, where they received positive feedback. We will continue to follow the development of this proposal closely.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"t2-accordion-item wp-block-t2-accordion-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"t2-accordion-title\">\n\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"t2-accordion-trigger\" id=\"woldgiftspodden-episode-no.-2-is-out\" aria-controls=\"accordion-panel-9\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\tWoldgiftspodden Episode no. 2 is out\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"t2-accordion-icon is-closed-icon\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" height=\"24\" width=\"24\" class=\"t2-icon t2-icon-add\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><g stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"1\" style=\"transform: scale(1);vector-effect: non-scaling-stroke;\"><path d=\"M12 4V20\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><path d=\"M4 12H20\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"t2-accordion-icon is-open-icon\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" height=\"24\" width=\"24\" class=\"t2-icon t2-icon-remove\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><g stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"1\" style=\"transform: scale(1);vector-effect: non-scaling-stroke;\"><path d=\"M4 12H20\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"t2-accordion-item__inner-container is-layout-flow\" id=\"accordion-panel-9\" aria-labelledby=\"woldgiftspodden-episode-no.-2-is-out\" role=\"region\" hidden>\n\t\t\t\t\n\n<p>Woldgiftspodden&nbsp;episode two is now out. As already mentioned,&nbsp;we talk with Mathias Stein\u00f8&nbsp;in Finland in the wake&nbsp;of the third NOMA day in Helsinki. There,&nbsp;discuss&nbsp;why most parties&nbsp;benefit&nbsp;from having their arbitration cases as close to &#8220;home&#8221; as possible, why habit is not always a good strategy when choosing the seat of arbitration, and take a closer look at what Nordic pragmatic self-confidence means.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Next, we pick up the thread from the opening of the Norwegian Arbitration Association (NAA) and discuss with Borgar&nbsp;H\u00f8getveit&nbsp;Berg and Knut H\u00f8ivik how the NAA intends to proceed to get more Norwegian arbitration awards published, why this is important, and what can or should be done if they encounter closed doors.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We round off with a discussion with Ola&nbsp;Nisja&nbsp;and Stephan L. Jervell about access to evidence in arbitration. Here, they discuss, among other things, the (negative) developments&nbsp;regarding&nbsp;the scope of evidence access processes in arbitration, what can or should be done about this, and whether the introduction of deadline provisions modeled after the&nbsp;Norwegian&nbsp;Dispute Act \u00a7 16-7 may be relevant in arbitration.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Link&nbsp;to the full episode can be found&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wiersholm.no\/publikasjoner\/woldgiftspodden-reisebrev-fra-finland-naas-jakt-pa-norske-voldgiftsdommer-og-bevistilgang-i-voldgift\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a>.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"t2-accordion-item wp-block-t2-accordion-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"t2-accordion-title\">\n\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"t2-accordion-trigger\" id=\"wiersholm&#039;s-pre-event-to-the-norwegian-arbitration-day-5-february-2026\" aria-controls=\"accordion-panel-10\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\tWiersholm&#039;s pre-event to the Norwegian Arbitration Day 5 February 2026\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"t2-accordion-icon is-closed-icon\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" height=\"24\" width=\"24\" class=\"t2-icon t2-icon-add\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><g stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"1\" style=\"transform: scale(1);vector-effect: non-scaling-stroke;\"><path d=\"M12 4V20\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><path d=\"M4 12H20\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"t2-accordion-icon is-open-icon\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" height=\"24\" width=\"24\" class=\"t2-icon t2-icon-remove\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><g stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"1\" style=\"transform: scale(1);vector-effect: non-scaling-stroke;\"><path d=\"M4 12H20\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"t2-accordion-item__inner-container is-layout-flow\" id=\"accordion-panel-10\" aria-labelledby=\"wiersholm&#039;s-pre-event-to-the-norwegian-arbitration-day-5-february-2026\" role=\"region\" hidden>\n\t\t\t\t\n\n<p>For the third consecutive year&nbsp;Wiersholm is hosting a&nbsp;pre-event&nbsp;to the Norwegian Arbitration Day on 5 February 2026 at 11:30&nbsp;The main theme&nbsp;of&nbsp;the two first&nbsp;events&nbsp;was&nbsp;Group Think and use of Decision Threes. We&nbsp;round off&nbsp;our&nbsp;&#8220;Bias&nbsp;Trilogy&#8221;&nbsp;with&nbsp;a classic:&nbsp;<em>Confirmation Bias in Arbitration: Hidden danger and strategic opportunity<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Confirmation bias is one of the most well-documented cognitive biases and&nbsp;perhaps the&nbsp;most overlooked in the courtroom. All human beings tend to seek out evidence that supports what we already believe, and lawyers are no exception. Choosing arbitration over settlement carries a risk of a negative outcome: The counsel may have been blind to the weaknesses of their own case and miss the evidence and arguments that could move the tribunal.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>At the same time, confirmation bias can be an opportunity. Since judges and arbitrators are influenced by the same psychological mechanisms, litigators who understand these processes can frame their arguments in ways that reinforce the tribunal\u2019s intuitive convictions.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Also, this year&nbsp;Psychologist and&nbsp;Decision-science&nbsp;Researcher Jan-Ole Hesselberg will give the keynote address \u2013 followed by a panel discussion&nbsp;with the&nbsp;following panellists:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Lotte Eskesen, partner&nbsp;Gorrissen&nbsp;Federspiel&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Hans-Patrick Schroeder, Partner Freshfield&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Anne-Maria Tamminen, Managing Partner, Hannes Snellman&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Johnny Herre, Independent&nbsp;Arbitrator&nbsp;and former Supreme Court Judge&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Morten Goller, Partner Wiersholm&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>If you want to attend, please register&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wiersholm.no\/arrangementer\/pre-event-nad-2026\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a>.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"t2-accordion-item wp-block-t2-accordion-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"t2-accordion-title\">\n\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"t2-accordion-trigger\" id=\"upcoming-events-in-international-commercial-arbitration\" aria-controls=\"accordion-panel-11\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\tUpcoming events in  international commercial arbitration\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"t2-accordion-icon is-closed-icon\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" height=\"24\" width=\"24\" class=\"t2-icon t2-icon-add\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><g stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"1\" style=\"transform: scale(1);vector-effect: non-scaling-stroke;\"><path d=\"M12 4V20\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><path d=\"M4 12H20\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"t2-accordion-icon is-open-icon\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" height=\"24\" width=\"24\" class=\"t2-icon t2-icon-remove\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><g stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"1\" style=\"transform: scale(1);vector-effect: non-scaling-stroke;\"><path d=\"M4 12H20\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"t2-accordion-item__inner-container is-layout-flow\" id=\"accordion-panel-11\" aria-labelledby=\"upcoming-events-in-international-commercial-arbitration\" role=\"region\" hidden>\n\t\t\t\t\n\n<p>There are many events to choose from on&nbsp;the international commercial arbitration scene.&nbsp;We recommend considering the following upcoming&nbsp;happenings:\u202f&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>5 February 2026:&nbsp;Norwegian Arbitration Day&nbsp;14:30 \u2013 19:00 (registration&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jus.uio.no\/nifs\/english\/research\/events\/2026\/2026-02-05-norwegian-arbitration-day.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a>)&nbsp;&nbsp;&#8211;&nbsp;with pre-events at&nbsp;Wiersholm&nbsp;11:30 \u2013 14:15&nbsp;(registration&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wiersholm.no\/arrangementer\/pre-event-nad-2026\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a>)&nbsp;and BAHR&nbsp;09:00&nbsp;\u2013 12:30&nbsp;(registration&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/assets-eur.mkt.dynamics.com\/04df2a86-4a3f-ee11-94d2-000d3a48607b\/digitalassets\/standaloneforms\/40ef822c-2dab-f011-bbd2-7ced8d103d07?readableEventId=Norwegian_Arbitration_Day_20263300229680\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a>)&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>23 \u2013 27 March 2026:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/parisarbitrationweek.com\/event\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Paris Arbitration Week<\/a>&nbsp;\u2013 a week filled with series of events concerning arbitration for&nbsp;the global arbitration community&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>25 \u2013 27 June 2026:&nbsp;Annual&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.aija.org\/event-detail\/837\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">International&nbsp;Arbitration Conference<\/a>&nbsp;\u2013&nbsp;&#8220;Limits and obstacles to arbitration&#8221;&nbsp;in Helsinki&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>10 \u2013 11 September 2026:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/swedisharbitration.se\/event\/swedish-arbitration-days-2026\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Swedish Arbitration Days<\/a>&nbsp;\u2013 Save the date&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>29 October 2026:&nbsp;NOMA-Day&nbsp;in Oslo \u2013 Save the&nbsp;date&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons print-button is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button has-icon has-icon-arrowForward\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/wiersholm.no\/en\/newsletters\/international-commercial-arbitration-q3-2025\/\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" height=\"24\" width=\"24\" class=\"t2-icon t2-icon-arrowforward\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><g stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"1\" style=\"transform: scale(1);vector-effect: non-scaling-stroke;\"><path d=\"M4 12.8074H20\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><path d=\"M12 4.80737L20 12.8074L12 20.8074\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" fill=\"none\"\/><\/g><\/svg><span>Read  our newsletter from Q3 2025<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull has-soft-beige-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator alignwide has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading alignwide has-small-font-size\" id=\"h-kontaktpersoner\">Kontaktpersoner<\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"t2-featured-content-layout alignwide alignwide wp-block-t2-featured-content-layout\" role=\"list\">\n<div class=\"t2-featured-single-post t2-featured-content is-post-type-employee authorisation_tax-advokat competence_area_tax-eu-og-eos-rett competence_area_tax-fornybar-energi-og-infrastruktur competence_area_tax-forsikring competence_area_tax-internasjonal-voldgift competence_area_tax-kommersielle-kontrakter competence_area_tax-konkurranserett competence_area_tax-offentlige-anskaffelser competence_area_tax-olje-gass-og-ccs competence_area_tax-profesjons-og-styreansvar competence_area_tax-tvistelosning role_tax-partner wp-block-t2-featured-single-post t2-featured-content-layout-col-3\" role=\"listitem\"><a class=\"t2-post-link wp-block-t2-post-link\" href=\"https:\/\/wiersholm.no\/people\/slj\/\">\n<figure class=\"t2-post-featured-image has-image-ratio-4-3 wp-block-t2-post-featured-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/personapi.wiersholm.no\/ProfilbilderCV\/slj_cv.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group t2-post-inner-content is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\t<h3 class=\"t2-post-title wp-block-t2-post-title\"> Stephan L. Jervell<\/h3>\n\t<p class=\"has-x-small-font-size\">Managing Partner<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"t2-featured-single-post t2-featured-content is-post-type-employee authorisation_tax-advokat competence_area_tax-entreprise competence_area_tax-eu-og-eos-rett competence_area_tax-forsvar-og-sikkerhet competence_area_tax-helse-og-velferd competence_area_tax-kommersielle-kontrakter competence_area_tax-konkurranserett competence_area_tax-offentlige-anskaffelser competence_area_tax-skatt-og-avgift competence_area_tax-transport-og-logistikk competence_area_tax-tvistelosning role_tax-partner wp-block-t2-featured-single-post t2-featured-content-layout-col-3\" role=\"listitem\"><a class=\"t2-post-link wp-block-t2-post-link\" href=\"https:\/\/wiersholm.no\/people\/mgo\/\">\n<figure class=\"t2-post-featured-image has-image-ratio-4-3 wp-block-t2-post-featured-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/personapi.wiersholm.no\/ProfilbilderCV\/mgo_cv.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group t2-post-inner-content is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\t<h3 class=\"t2-post-title wp-block-t2-post-title\"> Morten Goller<\/h3>\n\t<p class=\"has-x-small-font-size\">Partner<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"t2-featured-single-post t2-featured-content is-post-type-employee authorisation_tax-advokat competence_area_tax-kommersielle-kontrakter competence_area_tax-shipping competence_area_tax-transport-og-logistikk competence_area_tax-tvistelosning role_tax-senior-counsel wp-block-t2-featured-single-post t2-featured-content-layout-col-3\" role=\"listitem\"><a class=\"t2-post-link wp-block-t2-post-link\" href=\"https:\/\/wiersholm.no\/people\/chh\/\">\n<figure class=\"t2-post-featured-image has-image-ratio-4-3 wp-block-t2-post-featured-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/personapi.wiersholm.no\/ProfilbilderCV\/chh_cv.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group t2-post-inner-content is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\t<h3 class=\"t2-post-title wp-block-t2-post-title\"> Christian Hauge<\/h3>\n\t<p class=\"has-x-small-font-size\">Senior Counsel<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"t2-featured-single-post t2-featured-content is-post-type-employee authorisation_tax-advokat competence_area_tax-internasjonal-voldgift competence_area_tax-kommersielle-kontrakter competence_area_tax-profesjons-og-styreansvar competence_area_tax-teknologi-kommunikasjon-og-digitalisering competence_area_tax-tvistelosning role_tax-managing-associate wp-block-t2-featured-single-post t2-featured-content-layout-col-3\" role=\"listitem\"><a class=\"t2-post-link wp-block-t2-post-link\" href=\"https:\/\/wiersholm.no\/people\/agbr\/\">\n<figure class=\"t2-post-featured-image has-image-ratio-4-3 wp-block-t2-post-featured-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/personapi.wiersholm.no\/ProfilbilderCV\/agbr_cv.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group t2-post-inner-content is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\t<h3 class=\"t2-post-title wp-block-t2-post-title\"> Anne G\u00f8ril Dyrnes Br\u00f8rs<\/h3>\n\t<p class=\"has-x-small-font-size\">Managing Associate<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"t2-featured-single-post t2-featured-content is-post-type-employee authorisation_tax-advokat competence_area_tax-fast-eiendom competence_area_tax-kommersielle-kontrakter competence_area_tax-teknologi-kommunikasjon-og-digitalisering competence_area_tax-tvistelosning role_tax-managing-associate wp-block-t2-featured-single-post t2-featured-content-layout-col-3\" role=\"listitem\"><a class=\"t2-post-link wp-block-t2-post-link\" href=\"https:\/\/wiersholm.no\/people\/basu\/\">\n<figure class=\"t2-post-featured-image has-image-ratio-4-3 wp-block-t2-post-featured-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/personapi.wiersholm.no\/ProfilbilderCV\/basu_cv.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group t2-post-inner-content is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\t<h3 class=\"t2-post-title wp-block-t2-post-title\"> Bastian Walaker Sundling<\/h3>\n\t<p class=\"has-x-small-font-size\">Managing Associate<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"t2-featured-single-post t2-featured-content is-post-type-employee authorisation_tax-advokat competence_area_tax-forsikring competence_area_tax-kommersielle-kontrakter competence_area_tax-ma competence_area_tax-profesjons-og-styreansvar competence_area_tax-tvistelosning role_tax-managing-associate wp-block-t2-featured-single-post t2-featured-content-layout-col-3\" role=\"listitem\"><a class=\"t2-post-link wp-block-t2-post-link\" href=\"https:\/\/wiersholm.no\/people\/bjre\/\">\n<figure class=\"t2-post-featured-image has-image-ratio-4-3 wp-block-t2-post-featured-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/personapi.wiersholm.no\/ProfilbilderCV\/bjre_cv.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group t2-post-inner-content is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\t<h3 class=\"t2-post-title wp-block-t2-post-title\"> Bj\u00f8rn Tarek Restan<\/h3>\n\t<p class=\"has-x-small-font-size\">Managing Associate<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"t2-featured-single-post t2-featured-content is-post-type-employee authorisation_tax-advokatfullmektig competence_area_tax-forsikring competence_area_tax-shipping competence_area_tax-transport-og-logistikk role_tax-associate wp-block-t2-featured-single-post t2-featured-content-layout-col-3\" role=\"listitem\"><a class=\"t2-post-link wp-block-t2-post-link\" href=\"https:\/\/wiersholm.no\/people\/lish\/\">\n<figure class=\"t2-post-featured-image has-image-ratio-4-3 wp-block-t2-post-featured-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/personapi.wiersholm.no\/ProfilbilderCV\/lish_cv.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group t2-post-inner-content is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\t<h3 class=\"t2-post-title wp-block-t2-post-title\"> Lisa Haug Andersen<\/h3>\n\t<p class=\"has-x-small-font-size\">Associate<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"t2-post-dynamic-part is-source-filter filter-published_date_group wp-block-group published-date wp-block-t2-post-dynamic-part\"><div class=\"wp-block-group published-date has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"wp-block-group less-gap is-content-justification-left is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-2 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\"><p>Published:&nbsp;<\/p><div class=\"wp-block-post-date\">15.01.2026<\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-group less-gap is-content-justification-left is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-3 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\"><p>Last modified:&nbsp;<\/p><div class=\"wp-block-post-date__modified-date wp-block-post-date\">30.01.2026<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator alignwide has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading alignwide has-small-font-size\">Relaterte artikler<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-router-region=\"query-filter\" class=\"wp-block-query alignwide is-layout-flow wp-block-query-is-layout-flow\"><ul class=\"columns-3 wiersholm-related-post-query wp-block-post-template is-layout-grid wp-container-core-post-template-is-layout-6d3fbd8f wp-block-post-template-is-layout-grid\"><li class=\"wp-block-post post-23645 newsletter type-newsletter status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry\">\n<div class=\"t2-featured-template-post t2-featured-content is-post-type-newsletter wp-block-t2-featured-template-post\"><a class=\"t2-post-link wp-block-t2-post-link\" href=\"https:\/\/wiersholm.no\/en\/newsletters\/norway-international-update-q4-2025\/\">\n<figure style=\"--t2-focal-point: 50% 50%;\" class=\"t2-post-featured-image has-image-ratio-4-3 wp-block-t2-post-featured-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1800\" height=\"1242\" src=\"https:\/\/wiersholm.no\/content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/01\/21_09_08-wrshlm-0321.jpg\" class=\"attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wiersholm.no\/content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/01\/21_09_08-wrshlm-0321.jpg 1800w, https:\/\/wiersholm.no\/content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/01\/21_09_08-wrshlm-0321-300x207.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wiersholm.no\/content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/01\/21_09_08-wrshlm-0321-1024x707.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wiersholm.no\/content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/01\/21_09_08-wrshlm-0321-768x530.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wiersholm.no\/content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/01\/21_09_08-wrshlm-0321-1536x1060.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1800px) 100vw, 1800px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group t2-post-inner-content is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\t<h3 class=\"t2-post-title wp-block-t2-post-title\">Norway International Update Q4 2025<\/h3>\n\t<p class=\"has-x-small-font-size\">Newsletters<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"wp-block-post post-23571 newsletter type-newsletter status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry tag-nicolay-vold tag-norwegian-national-budget tag-per-westvang tag-tax-norway competence_area_tax-tax-and-duties\">\n<div class=\"t2-featured-template-post t2-featured-content is-post-type-newsletter tag-nicolay-vold tag-norwegian-national-budget tag-per-westvang tag-tax-norway competence_area_tax-tax-and-duties wp-block-t2-featured-template-post\"><a class=\"t2-post-link wp-block-t2-post-link\" href=\"https:\/\/wiersholm.no\/en\/newsletters\/the-norwegian-national-budget\/\">\n<figure style=\"--t2-focal-point: 50% 50%;\" class=\"t2-post-featured-image has-image-ratio-4-3 wp-block-t2-post-featured-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1440\" src=\"https:\/\/wiersholm.no\/content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/11\/love-stortinget-01-scaled.jpg\" class=\"attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wiersholm.no\/content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/11\/love-stortinget-01-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/wiersholm.no\/content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/11\/love-stortinget-01-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wiersholm.no\/content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/11\/love-stortinget-01-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wiersholm.no\/content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/11\/love-stortinget-01-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wiersholm.no\/content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/11\/love-stortinget-01-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/wiersholm.no\/content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/11\/love-stortinget-01-2048x1152.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group t2-post-inner-content is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\t<h3 class=\"t2-post-title wp-block-t2-post-title\">The Norwegian National Budget<\/h3>\n\t<p class=\"has-x-small-font-size\">Newsletters<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"wp-block-post post-23552 newsletter type-newsletter status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry competence_area_tax-ma competence_area_tax-offshore-services competence_area_tax-shipping competence_area_tax-tax-and-duties competence_area_tax-tech-ma\">\n<div class=\"t2-featured-template-post t2-featured-content is-post-type-newsletter competence_area_tax-ma competence_area_tax-offshore-services competence_area_tax-shipping competence_area_tax-tax-and-duties competence_area_tax-tech-ma wp-block-t2-featured-template-post\"><a class=\"t2-post-link wp-block-t2-post-link\" href=\"https:\/\/wiersholm.no\/en\/newsletters\/norway-international-update-q3-2025\/\">\n<figure style=\"--t2-focal-point: 50% 50%;\" class=\"t2-post-featured-image has-image-ratio-4-3 wp-block-t2-post-featured-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1440\" src=\"https:\/\/wiersholm.no\/content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/10\/Fjell-2-scaled.jpg\" class=\"attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wiersholm.no\/content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/10\/Fjell-2-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/wiersholm.no\/content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/10\/Fjell-2-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wiersholm.no\/content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/10\/Fjell-2-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wiersholm.no\/content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/10\/Fjell-2-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wiersholm.no\/content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/10\/Fjell-2-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/wiersholm.no\/content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/10\/Fjell-2-2048x1152.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group t2-post-inner-content is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\t<h3 class=\"t2-post-title wp-block-t2-post-title\">Norway International Update Q3 2025<\/h3>\n\t<p class=\"has-x-small-font-size\">Newsletters<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":23659,"template":"","meta":{"editor_notices":[]},"tags":[],"competence_area_tax":[],"class_list":["post-23642","newsletter","type-newsletter","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.8 (Yoast SEO v26.8) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>International commercial arbitration Q4 2025 - Law firm Wiersholm<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/wiersholm.no\/en\/newsletters\/international-commercial-arbitration-q4-2025\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"International 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